CS35: Final Exam Study Guide

In addition to all concepts from Quiz 1, Quiz 2, and Quiz 3,

You should be able to define or explain the following terms:

You should be familiar with the following C++-related concepts:

Practice problems

  1. Using the LinkedBST representation you saw in class, trace through the fourth insert function in the code below.
    int main() {
    BST<int, string> *dict = new LinkedBST<int, string>();
      dict->insert(5, "puppies");
      dict->insert(9, "kittens");
      dict->insert(11, "foals");
    
      // trace through the following function
      dict->insert(10, "calves");
    
      cout << "goodbye!" << endl;
    }
    
  2. Using separate chaining to resolve hash collisions, insert the following five items into a hash table of capacity 5, in the order given (from top to bottom):
    KeyHash value
    A1
    B1
    C1
    D0
    E2

  3. Repeat using linear probing to resolve hash collisions, instead of chaining.

  4. Consider the following hash function, like the function in hashTable-inl.h:
      int hash(int key, int capacity) {
        return key % capacity;
      }
    
    1. Suppose we have an empty hash table with capacity C. Complete the following code so that the total running time is asymptotically proportional to C^2:
        HashTable<int,string> ht();  // Created hash table with capacity C.
        for (int i = 0; i < C; i++) {
          ht.insert(________________, "skittles");
        }
      
    2. Complete the above code so that the total running time is asymptotically proportional to n.
    (In either case, assume that the hash table does not resize.)

  5. Consider the following graph:
    1. Give the adjacency-list representation of the graph.
    2. Give an adjacency-matrix representation of the graph.

  6. Let G be an undirected graph with an odd number of vertices. Prove that G contains at least one vertex with an even degree.

  7. Play Charlie Garrod's Dijkstra Adventure Game by running dag in a terminal window. Be sure to play once or twice with the --random option:
      $ dag --random
    
    (We're sorry for how tedious the game can be -- the graph is big!)

  8. Below is a recursive version of depth-first search. Recursive DFS is extremely simple and elegant if the algorithm does not need to track additional information or return any value:
      dfs(G, src):                           // This function initializes the
          isVisited = new dictionary         // dictionary and calls the
          for each vertex v in G:            // recursive helper function.
              isVisited[v] = false
          recursiveDfs(G, src, isVisited)
    
      recursiveDfs(G, src, isVisited):       // This recursive function
          isVisited[src] = true              // searches the graph.
          for each neighbor v of src:
              if !isVisited[v]:
                  recursiveDfs(G, v, isVisited)
      
    1. Execute dfs on the following graph, using s as the source vertex. Draw the stack diagram for the program as it executes. (Assume that isVisited refers to a single copy of the dictionary for all frames of the stack.)
      an example graph for DFS
    2. Modify the pseudocode above to accept a second vertex, dest, as an argument. Return true if there is a path from src->dest in G, and return false otherwise.
    3. Modify the pseudocode again to return the length of some src->dest path (not necessarily the shortest path) if there is a path from src to dest in G. If there is no src->dest path, return -1.
    4. Write a version of breadth first search and depth first search that determines if a graph is connected.

  9. Compare the run time of all key Graph methods using an adjacency list versus adjacency matrix representation. Express each in terms of the number of vertices (n) and edges (m) in the graph.
  10. Execute Prim's algorithm to find a MST of the following graph using s as the initial vertex. For each step of the algorithm, show which edges and vertices have been selected for the MST up to that step.
    graph for MST

  11. What is the run time of breadth first search? depth first search? Dijkstra's Algorithm?