Exam 2

Exam 2 Topics

arrays: 
-------
   ordered, homogenous collection of data
   actual size vs effective size
   declaring and accessing array buckets:
	float farray[30];
	farray[4] = 6.3;	// index must be an int

   passing arrays to functions: passes base addr of array argument
			     always pass array's effective size

	int foo(int array[], int size)

   2D arrays:
        int array[ROWS][COLS];
        array[i][j] = 7;

        function prototype w/2D must specify the column dimension:
                void foo(int array[][COLS], int num_rows);

   sorting and searching:

        should be able to implement simple sorts given a description of
	their algorithm (ex. bubble, selection)
        should know linear and binary search
        should be able to say something about the complexity of search
        and sort algorithms  (big-O)

pointers:
---------

  declaring pointer variables,  & operator,  * dereferencing operator

  	int *p, x;

	p = &x;   // p points to x
	*p = 6;   // store the value 6 in the location pointed to by p

  pass by reference:  pass address of argument 
                      function parameter is pointer to function argument
		      parameter's type is pointer to argument's type

  dynamic memory allocation:  malloc, free, heap memory vs. stack memory

  	int *arr, i;

	arr = malloc(sizeof(int)*10);  // dynamically allocated array of 10 ints
	if(arr != NULL) {
		for(i=0; i < 10; i++) {   // use the dynamically alloced array
			arr[i] = 0;    
		}
		...
		free(arr);	// free heap space when done using it
	}

  pointer arithmetic:  you should be able to trace through something like this:

  	int array[10];
	int *ptr;
	ptr = array;  // or ptr = &(array[0]);
	for(i=0; i < 10; i++) {
		printf("%d\n", *ptr);
		ptr++;
	}

char:  
-----
know that chars are encoded as numeric values using ASCII encoding
know that '0'-'9', 'a'-'z', 'A'-'Z' are contiguous (you do not need
to know their ASCII values)

   char ch;

   for(ch = 'a'; ch < 'z'; ch++) {
        printf("%c", ch); 
   }
   ch = getchar();   // read in a character from stdin


know what ctype.h functions do:  toupper, isdigit, etc.
          -------

string: an array of characters with special '\0' terminating character
------- (functions that take a string parameter don't need to be passed
        the effective size of the string because they can find the
        end of the string by its terminating '\0' char)

        // these can store strings of length 29 or less
	// (need extra char for '\0') 
        char str1[30];  // a statically declared string

        char *str2;     // a dynamically declared string
        str2 = malloc(sizeof(char)*30);   

        strcpy(str1, "Jo Schmoe");       // strcpy adds '\0' to end of string
        strcpy(str2, "Joseph Schmoe");
        printf("%s %s", str1, str2);
        // to read in a string, need to read in one char at a time
        i=0;
        ch = getchar();
        while(ch != '\n') {     // read in a line from stdin
                if(i < 30) {
                        str2[i] = ch;
                        i++;
                }
        }
        str2[i] = '\0';

know what the string.h functions do:   strcpy, strcat, strlen, strcmp, etc.
              --------

**I will give you function prototypes from string.h and ctype.h on the exam, 
so you don't need to memorize the prototypes, but you should know what 
the functions do and how they are called so that you can use them in code 
you write or trace through

DO NOT USE the Book Library GetLine function, String Library functions, or
string type on the exam (we have not talked about any of these in class).