GR. Graphics, Visualization, and Multimedia (nothing in core)
GR1. Graphic systems
Raster and vector graphics system
Video display devices
Physical and logical input devices
Issues facing the developer of graphical systems
Hierarchy of graphics software
User interface
GR2. Fundamental techniques in graphics
Halftoning
Font generation: outline vs. bitmap
Representation of polyhedral objects
Scan conversion of 2D primitive, forward differencing
Tessellation of curved surfaces
Homogeneous coordinates
Affine transformations (scaling, rotation, translation)
Viewing transformation
Clipping
Hidden surface removal methods
Z-buffer and frame buffer, color channels (a channel for opacity)
GR3. Basic rendering
Color models (RGB, HVS, CYM)
Light source properties; material properties; ambient, diffuse, and specular
reflections
Phong reflection model
Rendering of a polygonal surface, flat shading, Gouraud shading, and
Phong shading
Texture mapping, bump texture, environment map
Ray tracing
Image synthesis, sampling techniques, and anti-aliasing
GR4. Basic geometric modeling
Parametric polynomial curves and surfaces
Implicit curves and surfaces
Bézier curves and surfaces, control points, de Casteljau algorithm
B-spline curves and surfaces, local editing, knots, control points
NURBS curves and surfaces
Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) for solid modeling
Boundary Representation of solids (B-Rep)
GR5. Visualization
Basic viewing and interrogation functions for visualization
Visualization of vector fields, tensors, and flow data
Visualization of scalar field or height field: iso-surface by the marching
cube method
Direct volume data rendering: ray-casting, transfer functions,
segmentation, hardware
GR6. Virtual reality
Stereoscopic display
Force feedback simulation, haptic devices
Viewer tracking
Collision detection
Visibility computation
Time-critical rendering, multiple levels of details (LOD)
Image-base VR system
Distributed VR, collaboration over computer network
Interactive modeling
User interface issues
Applications in medicine, simulation, and training
GR7. Computer animation
Color animation
Physical based animation
Animation of articulated structures: forward and inverse kinematics
Scripting system
Key-frame animation, inbetweening, quaternions for orientation
representation
Motion capture
Behavioral and procedural animation, particle system
Metamorphosis
Free-form deformation
GR8. Advanced rendering
Shadow computation
Radiosity for global illumination computation, form factors
A two-pass approach to global illumination
Monte Carlo methods for global illumination
Image-based rendering, panorama viewing, plenoptic function modeling
and sampling
Rendering of complex natural phenomenon
Non-photorealistic rendering
GR9. Advanced geometric modeling
Implicit surfaces, soft object
Algebraic curves and surfaces
Subdivision surfaces
Multi-resolution analysis of polygonal meshes, wavelets
Deformable models: snakes and balloons (active contours)
Procedural modeling, fractals
3D model acquisition from range data
3D data fitting
Geometric operations, intersection, blending, faring, offsetting, sweeping,
etc.
GR10. Multimedia data technologies
Analog and digital representations, human perception
Sound and audio, image and graphics, animation and video
Standard file formats for audio, graphics and image data
Standards for videoconferencing, computer telephony and motion
pictures
TV broadcasting standards
Display and input devices
Digital cameras and scanners
Buses, I/O channels
Tape, disk and RAID
CD and DVD ROM standards
GR11. Compression and decompression
Information theory
Lossless compression techniques
Digital audio compression
DCT, wavelet and fractal compressions
Scalable and progressive encoding
H.26x and Mpeg video compression standards
GR12. Multimedia applications and content authoring
Multimedia applications and requirements
Design issues for content authoring
Human computer interface basics
Authoring tools and production systems
Web authoring and programming
Interactive multimedia titles
GR13. Multimedia servers and filesystems
Multimedia server requirements
RAID storage systems
Storage hierarchy
Data placement on disks
Buffer management
QOS support and admission control
Processor scheduling
Disk scheduling
Multimedia information management systems
Provision of user interactivity
Content-based information retrieval
GR14. Networked and distributed multimedia systems
Characteristics of multimedia communications
Layers, protocols and services
Local area networks (LAN) and wide area networks (WAN)
ATM and ISDN for multimedia communications
MBONE multicast and applications
Admission control, QOS negotiation and traffic policing
Distributed multimedia systems, client-serve concepts
Server configuration and network connection
Streaming servers and network scheduling
Networked multimedia synchronization