You should be able to define or explain the following terms:

• data structure
• algorithm
• scope of a variable
• differences between passing a value, an array and a pointer to a function
• object oriented programming and its major properties (e.g., abstraction, modularity, reusability, encapsulation)
• class
• instance of a class (i.e., object)
• function call stack
• the heap
• inheritance, is-a relationship
• base class, derived class (a.k.a., parent class, child class)
• polymorphism
• pseudocode (both interpreting and writing)

You should be familiar with all aspects of basic C++ programs, such as those you created for labs 01 and 02. This includes:

• how to compile and execute C++ programs
• the int, float, char, bool, string data types
• variables, assignment with =, and basic arithmetic
• boolean and relational operators in C++
• if / else if / else statements, while loops, and for loops
• variables, including their declaration, definition, and use
• functions, including their declaration, definition, and use
• arrays (statically and dynamically allocated)
• basic uses of cout and cin
• basic uses of file streams (mostly ifstream)
• purpose of #include and using namespace std;
• void and its use
• pointers, dereferencing, nullptr
• dynamic memory management with new, delete and delete[]
• classes, including their declaration and implementation as well as the use of access control: public and private member variables, methods, constructors, destructors
• C++ inheritance
• virtual, pure virtual functions, and abstract classes
• dot notation and arrow notation
• tracing a program using a memory/stack diagram (heap and stack)

Practice problems

1. Write a C++ program that prompts the user for an integer n and then prints a single output integer, the sum of the integers from 1 to n.


2. Write a boolean function isPrimaryColor that takes a string as an argument and returns true if the string is "red", "yellow", or "blue", and returns false otherwise. Then write a program that prompts the user for a color and uses isPrimaryColor to determine if their color is primary.


3. Consider the code in examples/week-03/destructor/safeArray.cpp. Draw the stack diagram caused by the execution of the following code

   myarray.setElement(7,15);
   

   just before the "unsafe operation" performed by the code. Include the stack and the heap.


4. Write a Shape abstract class with the following features:
   • appropriate public getColor(), setColor() and print() accessor functions. These should be pure virtual functions.
   Then write a Rectangle subclass of Shape with the following features:
   • a private color (a string) data member
   • a private length and width (both int) data members
   • a constructor which takes a color, length, and width, which it uses to initialize the data members.
   • accessor functions: getArea() and print(). print should output the area and color of the Rectangle, e.g. "Rectangle with area 20. Shape with color black."
   Finally, write a main() function that declares a pointer p to a Shape, creates a single Rectangle on the heap and saves the pointer to that Shape as p, and then prints the Shape and releases its memory.